Women in Poland constitute 47.3 percent of all working in the national economy, but there are more and more places where this percentage exceeds 50 percent. Admittedly, there is still a clear division into “women’s” and “male” industries, but in the last few years they have accelerated changes and ladies have increased their participation in the sectors of the economy and professions that have been the domain of men for decades – this is the result of the CSO analyzes contained in the report published at the end of February the report “working in the national economy in Poland in Poland in September 2024.”
Warsaw is a woman. Krakow too
In the largest cities, the number of women has been greater for many decades than men and oscillates between 107 and 114 ladies per 100 men. In recent years, the dominance of women in cities has increased, including Due to the influx of Ukrainians and the outflow of Ukrainians, but this advantage has never translated so strongly into the labor market. This was due to the much lower professional activity of women. But this is the past: the latest CSO data prove that there are more and more places on the map of Poland, where women also dominate among the working people.
The largest share of ladies among the working – 56.4 percent – noted the Central Statistical Office in Łęknica (in the Żary poviat, in the Lubuskie Voivodeship). Two more places on the podium were taken by towns located in a very conservative part of Lesser Poland, i.e. in the Nowy Targ poviat: Lipnica Wielka – 55.6 percent. and apple tree – 53.6 percent The first “10” is complemented by almost the holiday towns: Polanica-Zdrój, Kudowa-Zdrój, Karpacz, Krynica Morska, Zgorzelec, Kołobrzeg, Duszniki-Zdrój and Zakopane. The lead also includes: Świnoujście, Ustka and Ustronie Morskie.
Among the capitals of the voivodships the highest, because the 18th place in the list of “The most female towns” was taken by Warsaw. The percentage of women among the working people reaches 51.3 percent. Olsztyn (50.8 percent), Szczecin and Jelenia Góra (50.7 percent each) and in Łódź (50.4 percent) are slightly lower. In the Tri -City, women have an advantage in Gdynia (50.6 percent) and Gdańsk (50.1 percent). More women than men also work in Krakow (50.2 percent). In total, the ladies gained a numerical advantage among those working in over 60 Polish cities and municipalities. In the next 80, the advantage of men is minimal and successively melts. Admittedly, gentlemen are still dominating numbers in 2,300 municipalities, urban and (above all) rural, but the dynamics of changes is extremely large lately.
He recorded the smallest percentage of women among working CSOs in Lelków (33.1 percent), Lubrza, Świecie nad Osa, Wilczętach and Tarnów Podgórny. In total, in 40 cities in Poland, the share of ladies does not exceed 40 percent.
Women are learning, men work
The CSO also examined the participation of women and men in individual employee years. Men definitely dominate the youngest – primarily because more women than men continue their education after primary school, and then go to studies. In the group of working 18-year-olds, the share of girls is only 33.6 percent, up to 40 percent. It is only in the group of 22-year-olds to reach 47 percent. in the population of 25-year-olds.
With age, the participation of women among working people is growing, and in the population of 48-year-olds, ladies gain a numerical advantage-and keep it until the statutory retirement age, which in Poland is 60 years for them.
Among the working 61-year-olds, women constitute only 33.9 percent, among 62-year-olds-30.5 percent, and among 64-year-olds only 25.8 percent. This is the biggest difference for men, although women at this age are in a much better physical condition. In higher age groups, the advantage of men is melting again, mainly because after reaching their statutory retirement age (65 years) most of them go to ZUS benefit. In the group of employees 85 plus there are 2.3 thousand in Poland. men and 2.2 thousand women.
According to the Central Statistical Office, the average age of women working in our country is 42.7 (men – 42.9), while the median – 43 (men – 42).
“Women’s” and “male” industries
In 10 out of 19 PKD sections monitored by the Central Statistical Office, women are the majority of the working people. Their greatest dominance can be seen in healthcare and social assistance – here the participation of women among the working ones exceeds 82 percent. A slightly lower, almost 80 %, is in education, while at its first levels, i.e. in pre-school and early school teaching, it exceeds 90 percent, and decreases in secondary schools and academic education. The third most feminized industry is service activity, except that certain types of services (such as repair of electronic equipment and household appliances or installation) remain the domain of men, and others (like cosmetology) – the domain of women.
Ladies in financial and insurance activities (63.6 percent) as well as in accommodation and gastronomy (62.3 percent) also have a clear numerical advantage. More women than men also work in professional, scientific and technical activities, in trade, real estate market service as well as public administration and national defense.
The percentage of women in mining and construction is the smallest – it does not reach even 11 percent. However, the participation of ladies in the processing and logistics industry is growing dynamically, not only in magazines and logistics centers, but also in transport.
Among those working on their own, together with helping family members, women constitute only 38 percent. © ℗
What about salaries
In March, the Central Statistical Office also reported, as at the end of Q3 2024, the remuneration distribution looked. The median amounted to PLN 6,683.15 against the average salary of PLN 8075.07 gross. The value of the median salary indicated gender differences – calculated GUS. For men it amounted to PLN 6,900.16 and was PLN 420.17 higher than for women. As for the average salary, in the case of men it amounted to PLN 8,452.31, women – PLN 7,685.28 (95.2 percent of the average salary).
The median salary of men was higher than women in 17 out of 19 analyzed PKD sections. Financial and insurance activities were distinguished – the Central Statistical Office recorded. Here, the median remuneration of men was 38.0 percent. higher than women. However, in the Median Women’s Staying section, however, women were higher than men’s salaries by 35.2 percent, while in the Administration and Supporting Activation section – by 5.3 percent. Similarly, the biggest difference between the average salary of men and women was in the financial and insurance activities section, where it amounted to PLN 4,352.80. In the construction section, women earned on average PLN 971.46 more. The Central Statistical Office recorded another regularity: the biggest differences in salaries concern the best -earning employees.
The participation of women in the total number of working in the national economy / Dziennik Gazeta Prawna – Digital edition
Monthly remuneration decile in the national economy (gross, PLN) in September 2024 / Dziennik Gazeta Prawna – Digital edition
Read more in addition DGP Women in business
